Pilgrims in Rome is an 1842 painting by French Romantic artist Paul Delaroche. This work is located in the National Museum in Poznań in Poland.
Pilgrims in Rome have long been a significant feature of the city’s history, as Rome holds a special place in the Christian tradition, particularly for Catholics. Pilgrimage to the Eternal City dates back to the early days of Christianity, with millions of faithful journeying to Rome over the centuries to visit its sacred sites, venerate saints, and deepen their spiritual connection.
Historical Origins of Pilgrimage to Rome
Rome’s status as a major pilgrimage destination is rooted in its early Christian history. After the martyrdom of Saints Peter and Paul in the 1st century, their burial sites became focal points for the Christian faithful. Saint Peter’s Basilica, constructed over the apostle’s tomb, and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, marking the site of Paul’s burial, are two of the most important destinations for pilgrims.
The catacombs, where early Christians were buried, also attracted devout followers. As Christianity spread, Rome’s importance as the center of the Catholic Church grew, and so did the tradition of pilgrimage to the city. By the Middle Ages, Rome became one of the three major pilgrimage destinations for European Christians, alongside Jerusalem and Santiago de Compostela.
Major Pilgrimage Sites in Rome
St. Peter’s Basilica
Perhaps the most famous pilgrimage site in Rome, St. Peter’s Basilica stands as the symbolic heart of the Catholic Church. It is the site where the Apostle Peter, the first pope, was martyred and buried. Pilgrims come from around the world to visit his tomb, located under the grand altar, and to participate in liturgies, especially those led by the Pope.
The Vatican
Beyond St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican as a whole is a central part of any pilgrimage to Rome. The Vatican Museums house centuries of religious art, including Michelangelo’s famous frescoes in the Sistine Chapel. For pilgrims, attending a papal audience or Mass in St. Peter’s Square can be a profound spiritual experience.
The Four Major Basilicas
Pilgrims traditionally visit the four major basilicas of Rome: St. Peter’s, St. John Lateran (the cathedral of Rome), St. Mary Major, and St. Paul Outside the Walls. Each basilica has its own history and significance in the Catholic tradition, with relics, holy tombs, and sacred spaces that draw pilgrims seeking spiritual renewal.
The Scala Sancta, or the Holy Stairs
These 28 marble steps, believed to have been climbed by Jesus before his trial by Pontius Pilate, are another key site for pilgrims.
Catacombs and Relics of Saints
The catacombs of Rome, where early Christians were buried and often worshipped in secret, are an essential part of the pilgrimage. Additionally, relics of numerous saints, including St. Peter and St. Paul, and famous religious artifacts are spread throughout the city’s churches.
The Jubilee Years and Pilgrimage
Pilgrimage to Rome takes on special significance during the Jubilee years, which are special occasions for the remission of sins and universal pardon in the Catholic Church. The tradition was initiated by Pope Boniface VIII in 1300. During the Jubilee years, pilgrims flock to Rome to receive special indulgences, visit the Holy Doors of the Basilicas, and participate in religious celebrations.